The Muskrat inhabits swamps, marshes, lakes, ponds, and slow-moving streams. The Pacific Northwest coast has a large population of them. Where you see beavers, you will most likely see these guys as well. These rodents weigh up to 3 kg, and are up to 65 cm long, with a tail that reaches up to 28 cm in length.
They feed primarily on aquatic plants, including bull rushes, willows, and swamp grass. Occasionally they will eat crayfish, snails, mussels, frogs, insects, and slow-swimming fish.
They are large and strong rodents. Their head is wide & short, with small ears. The muskrat’s coat is waterproof, silky, and brown. The underbelly is covered in long, brown, guard hairs to protect its underside. Its tail is scaled, almost rat-like, nearly hairless, and somewhat flattened on the sides. A muskrat has the ability to close its mouth with its teeth protruding, just like a beaver. This way, it can still gnaw on food while underwater.
Muskrats mate and reproduce up to 4 times a year, with each litter having 4 or 6 pups. Breeding takes place from late March through early July. The gestation period typically lasts 28 – 30 days. The young open their eyes within 12 -14 days, and by 8 weeks, they are completely weaned, independent of their mother.
They build their dens on the banks of slow-moving streams. These homes can be quite elaborate, with several entrances, ventilation holes, & dry rooms. Sometimes they will build small lodges, like beavers. These lodges are constructed with aquatic plants, brush, & mud, and are built on small floating islands or stumps.
Muskrats are active throughout the year, and, although mainly nocturnal, they are sometimes seen during the day. They are susceptible to cold & wind and spend more time in their dens during winter. Several muskrats may share a lodge during wintertime.